Physical Properties of Polymers james mark Third edition

Physical Properties of Polymers james mark

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Physical Properties of Polymers james mark 

Polymer science is a large and rapidly developing branch of modern materials chemistry. This book is a thoroughly revised and up-dated third edition of a well established textbook. Written by seven of the leading figures in the polymer science community it discusses the diverse physical states and associated properties of polymers. Each author contributes a chapter which reflects his own interests and expertise. Containing numerous problem sets and worked examples this third edition will be of primary interest to graduate students and researchers studying all aspects of polymeric materials.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

The third edition of this well-known textbook discusses the diverse physical states and associated properties of polymeric materials. The contents of the book have been conveniently divided into two general parts, “Physical states of polymers” and “Some characterization techniques.” This third edition, written by seven leading figures in the polymer-science community, has been thoroughly updated and expanded. As in the second edition, all of the chapters contain general introductory material and comprehensive literature
citations designed to give newcomers to the field an appreciation of the subject and how it fits into the general context of polymer science. The third edition of Physical Properties of Polymers provides enough core material for a one-semester survey course at the advanced undergraduate or graduate
level.
Professor James E. Mark is a consultative editor for the Cambridge polymer
science list.
Contents
Part I Physical states of polymers 1
1 The rubber elastic state, James E. Mark 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Theory 12
1.3 Some experimental details 19
1.4 Comparisons between theory and experiment 22
1.5 Some unusual networks 31
1.6 Networks at very high deformations 35
1.7 Other types of deformation 46
1.8 Gel collapse 49
1.9 Energy storage and hysteresis 50
1.10 Bioelastomers 52
1.11 Filled networks 54
1.12 New developments in processing 60
1.13 Societal aspects 60
1.14 Current problems and new directions 60
1.15 Numerical problems 62
1.16 Solutions to numerical problems 62
Acknowledgments 63
References 63
Further reading 70
2 The glass transition and the glassy state, Kia L. Ngai 72
2.1 Introduction 72
2.2 The phenomenology of the glass transition 75
2.3 Models of the glass transition 94
vii
viii Contents
2.4 Dependences of Tg on various parameters 101
2.5 Structural relaxation in polymers above Tg 114
2.6 The impact on viscoelasticity 127
2.7 Conclusion 144
Acknowledgments 146
References 146
3 Viscoelasticity and flow in polymeric liquids,
William W. Graessley 153
3.1 Introduction 153
3.2 Concepts and definitions 154
3.3 Linear viscoelasticity 159
3.4 Nonlinear viscoelasticity 170
3.5 Structure–property relationships 184
3.6 Summary 205
References 206
4 The crystalline state, Leo Mandelkern 209
4.1 Introduction 209
4.2 The thermodynamics of crystallization–melting
of homopolymers 212
4.3 Melting of copolymers 217
4.4 Crystallization kinetics 245
4.5 Structure and morphology 267
4.6 Properties 295
4.7 General conclusions 307
References 308
Further reading 315
5 The mesomorphic state, Edward T. Samulski 316
5.1 Introduction 316
5.2 General concepts 316
5.3 Monomer liquid crystals 333
5.4 Macromolecular mesomorphism 353
5.5 Theories of mesomorphism 364
Acknowledgment 376
References 376
Part II Some characterization techniques 381
6 The application of molecular spectroscopy to
characterization of polymers, Jack L. Koenig 383
6.1 Introduction 383
6.2 Vibrational techniques 384
Contents ix
6.3 Infrared spectroscopy 387
6.4 Raman spectroscopy 397
6.5 Nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy 406
6.6 Mass spectroscopy 419
References 422
7 Small-angle-neutron-scattering characterization
of polymers, George D. Wignall 424
7.1 Introduction 424
7.2 Elements of neutron-scattering theory 437
7.3 Contrast and deuterium labeling 444
7.4 SANS instrumentation 451
7.5 Practical considerations 457
7.6 Some applications of scattering techniques to polymers 468
7.7 Future directions 502
Acknowledgments 504
References 504

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Principles of Polymerization - G. Odian Free chemistry books

Chemistry and creativity Principles of Polymerization, 4th Edition

George Odian

Principles of Polymerization - G. Odian

Principles of Polymerization, Fourth Edition presents the classic text on polymer synthesis, fully updated to reflect today's state of the art. New and expanded coverage in the Fourth Edition includes:

• Metallocene and post-metallocene polymerization catalysts
• Living polymerizations (radical, cationic, anionic)
• Dendrimer, hyperbranched, brush, and other polymer architectures and assemblies
• Graft and block copolymers
• High-temperature polymers
• Inorganic and organometallic polymers
• Conducting polymers
• Ring-opening polymer ization
• In vivo and in vitro polymerization

Appropriate for both novice and advanced students as well as professionals, this comprehensive yet accessible resource enables the reader to achieve an advanced, up-to-date understanding of polymer synthesis. Different methods of polymerization, reaction parameters for synthesis, molecular weight, branching and crosslinking, and the chemical and physical structure of polymers all receive ample coverage. 

A thorough discussion at the elementary level prefaces each topic, with a more advanced treatment following. Yet the language throughout remains straightforward and geared towards the student.

Extensively updated, Principles of Polymerization, Fourth Edition provides an excellent textbook for today's students of polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, as well as a current reference for the researcher or other practitioner working in these areas.

Table of Contents
Preface.
1. Introduction.
1.1 Types of Polymers and Polymerizations.
1.2 Nomenclature of Polymers.
1.3 Linear, Branched, and Crosslinked Polymers.
1.4 Molecular Weight.
1.5 Physical State.
1.6 Applications of Polymers.
2. Step Polymerization.
2.1 Reactivity of Functional Groups.
2.2 Kinetics of Step Polymerization.
2.3 Accessibility of Functional Groups.
2.4 Equilibrium Considerations.
2.5 Cyclization versus Linear Polymerization.
2.6 Molecular Weight Control in Linear Polymerization.
2.7 Molecular Weight Distribution in Linear Polymerization.
2.8 Process Condition.
2.9 Multichain Polymerization.
2.10 Crosslinking.
2.11 Molecular Weight Distributions in Nonlinear Polymerizations.
2.12 Crosslinking Technology.
2.13 Step Copolymerization.
2.14 High-Performance Polymers.
2.15 Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers.
2.16 Dendric (Highly Branched) Polymers.
3. Radical Chain Polymerization.
3.1 Nature and Radical Chain Polymerization.
3.2 Structural Arrangement of Monomer Units.
3.3 Rate of Radical Chain Polymerization.
3.4 Initiation.
3.5 Molecular Weight.
3.6 Chain Transfer.
3.7 Inhibition and Retardation.
3.8 Determination of Absolute Rate Constants.
3.9 Energetic Characteristics.
3.10 Autoacceleration.
3.11 Molecular Weight Distribution.
3.12 Effect of Pressure.
3.13 Process Conditions.
3.14 Specific Commercial Polymers.
3.15 Living Radical Polymerization.
3.16 Other Polymerizations.
4. Emulsion Polymerization.
4.1 Description of Process.
4.2 Quantitative Aspects.
4.3 Other Characteristics of Emulsion Polymerization.
5. Ionic Chain Polymerization.
5.1 Comparison of Radical and Ionic Polymerization.
5.2 Cationic Polymerization of the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond.
5.3 Anionic Polymerization of the Carbon-Carbon Double.
5.4 Block and Other Polymer Architecture.
5.5 Distinguishing Between Radical, Cationic, and Anionic Polymerizations.
5.6 Carbonyl Polymerization.
5.7 Miscellaneous Polymerizations.
6. Chain Copolymerization.
6.1 General Considerations.
6.2 Copolymer Composition.
6.3 Radical Copolymerization.
6.4 Ionic Copolymerization.
6.5 Deviations from Terminal Copolymerization Model.
6.6 Copolymerizations Involving Dienes.
6.7 Other Copolymerizations.
6.8 Applications of Copolymerizations.
7. Ring-Opening Polymerization.
7.1 General Characteristics.
7.2 Cyclic Ethers.
7.3 Lactams.
7.4 N-Carboxy-αAmino Acid Anhydrides.
7.5 Lactones.
7.6 Nitrogen Heterocyclics.
7.7 Sulfur Heterocyclics.
7.8 Cycloalkenes.
7.9 Miscellaneous Oxygen Heterocyclics.
7.10 Other Ring-Opening Polymerizations.
7.11 Inorganic and Partially Inorganic Polymers.
7.12 Copolymerization.
8. Stereochemistry of Polymerizaton.
8.1 Types of Stereoisomerism in Polymers.
8.2 Properties of Stereoregular Polymers.
8.3 Forces of Stereoregulation in Alkene Polymerization.
8.4 Traditional Ziegler-Natta Polymerization of Nonpolar Alkene Monomers.
8.5 Metallocene Polymerization of Nonpolar Alkene Monomers.
8.6 Other Hydrocarbon Monomers.
8.7 Copolymerization.
8.8 Postmetallocene: Chelate Initiators.
8.9 Living Polymerization.
8.10 Polymerization of 1,3-Dienes.
8.11 Commercial Applications.
8.12 Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers.
8.13 Alehydes.
8.14 Optical Activity in Polymers.
8.15 Ring-Opening Polymerization.
8.16 Statistical Models of Propagation.
9. Reactions of Polymers.
9.1 Principles of Polymers Reactivity.
9.2 Crosslinking.
9.3 Reactions of Cellulose.
9.4 Reactions of Poly(vinyl) acetate).
9.5 Halogenation.
9.6 Aromatic Substitution.
9.7 Cyclization.
9.8 Other Reactions.
9.9 Graft Copolymers.
9.10 Block Copolymers.
9.11 Polymers as Carriers or Supports.
9.12 Polymer Reagents.
9.13 Polymer Catalysts.
9.14 Polymer Substrates.
Index.

Author Information

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471274003.html

GEORGE ODIAN received his PhD from Columbia University. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the College of Staten Island of the City University of New York. He has previously served as professor of chemistry and chairman, Division of Pure and Applied Sciences at Richmond College of CUNY, assistant professor at Columbia University, research director of RAI Research Company, and research chemist at Thiokol Chemical Company. He has written over sixty research publications and authored both taped and short courses for the American Chemical Society. He is also the coauthor of four books in general, organic, and biochemistry.

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